There is a large number of parasites that can exist in one's inner organs or inhabit their skin and hair.Including these parasites can be helminths.
Helminths- The general name of parasitic worms living in the human body, animals or other growths.
According to the statistical data of the World Health Organization, more than 4.5 billion people in the world are infected with various parasites, mostly helminths.
The official reporting statistics of the Russian Federation recorded an increase in the basic helminthias in several regions of the Russian Federal Constituent entity, in particular: echinococcosis, opisthorchiasis.In some regions, indications of incidents of enterobiosis and ascaridosis remain at a high level.
There are many ways to get into the human body, however, one of the most common ways of infection is infection through food products.Vegetables, fruits or herbs that are not washed, fried or boiled, chicken, chicken, untreated foods can cause infection with helminths.
You can be infected if the product storage is finished, for example, sweet pastry storage without protective packaging can cause infection with helminths, which can enter the finished product using flies or other insects.
Let's try to find out the helminths delivered with food and the most common in our country, and how to minimize the risk of infection with them.
Supreme (cat, hepatic, blade -shaped, etc.)
Fasciolosis
In humans, more than 40 types of subsidies can be parasites, while localization of helminths in the body can be very different - liver, light, blood vessels.
Hepatic borrowers are agents that cause fascioliasis and affect the liver and gall bladder.
One is infected when using vegetable garden plants, to water water from open pools.
Patients have general symptoms of intoxication - weakness, decreased appetite, nausea, headache.Allergic reactions may occur in the form of itching -skin or urticaria, asthma attacks.
Increasing the size of the parasite can cause bile flow violations in the duodenum and the signs of mechanical yellow disease.Patients suffer from proper hypochondria.Next, the advantages of the skin can be observed and the impurities change color.
Opistorchoz
The agent of opisthorchiasis is a cat plate.
Human infections occur when raw, not enough to emit fish or salted fish.
The clinical manifestations of opisthorchiasis are characterized by significant variety.It depends on the individual characteristics of the body, as well as the intensity and duration of the infection.The number of parasites can change -change in large range: from single parasites to several tens, and even hundreds.Repeated use of infected fish leads to increased infection and deterioration of clinical manifestations.Clinically, the disease can be accompanied by an increase in temperature in patients, the appearance of urticaria, itching -skin, muscle and joint pain.Patients may experience pain in the right hypochondrium, heavy stomach aches, nausea.
Paragonism
The main cause of paragonimosis in humans is pulmonary bacon.
The causative agent of the disease enters the intestines of a person when eating crustaceans living in the area, where there is a focus of the disease, and migrates through the body: they penetrate the intestinal wall into the abdominal cavity, and then enter the pleural cavity through the diaphragm, then into the lung tissue.Longer larvae can also penetrate other organs and tissues.The localization of parasites in the brain is very dangerous.The localization of parasitic impulmonary occurs in one third of the infected and often the cause of death.
In the early stages of the disease, when pulmonary bacon only emigrated throughout the body, the disease went almost without symptoms.Sometimes -sometimes a small allergic reaction, itching -the skin is possible, less frequent -stomach aches, yellow disease.Once the parasite reaches the final localization, the patient has stated the symptoms of lung damage: constant cough with abundant, severe chest pain.During the disease, various complications may occur, for example, pneumothorax - air enters the pleural cavity.Often in patients, pleurisy or pleurisy (inflammation in the pleural cavity) develops.
Worms ribbon
Worm Ribbon (Cestodes) - a group of parasitic worms that have ribbons and consist of the number of isolated anatomic segments - swallowing.The worm dimensions vary from a few millimeters to 10-15 meters or more.At the front end of the worm, the head is located, which is the organ of parasites to the human gut mucosa.Helmint is set to the intestinal wall using different devices - suction cups such as round or slit, hook.
Fibered
The causative agent of dipillobotriosis is a broad ribbon, which lives in a person's intestines.
The tape extends 12-15 meters or more, and the number of segments of a thousand.
Human infections occur when they are not processed thermal, fresh frozen, less chopped, withered and dirt, raw fish, and when using new salted fish.The clinical picture is caused by the mechanical effects of helminth on the intestinal mucosa and the absorption of nutrients.Patients with dipillobotriosis complain of pain and rush in the stomach, nausea, vomiting.There are usually impurities.With simultaneous parasitation of some worms, intestinal obstruction may occur.
The tape absorbs vitamin B12 on its surface, and this leads to a violation of red blood cell formation in the patient's body and the occurrence of anemia.Patients have pale skin, weakness, malaise.
Tonarynchosis
The agent that causes the shadow is a cow tape worm, which is localized by a person's small intestine and can reach a length of 10 meters.
People are infected with tusiinchosis when eating livestock meat (less fried or cooked, string, minced meat).
Tusirinchosis often proceeds without symptoms and is detected by chance when the patient sees in the parasitic segment, or detects it on a bed or clothing.During the question, the patient can complain that he recently felt weakness, increased fatigue, sleep disorders, rushing skin, pain in the respected region, vomiting, chairs violations.
As a complication of tusirinchosis in patients, acute appendicitis or intestinal obstruction may occur.
Teniosis
The agent of tiniosis is a pork chain that is located in a person's small intestine and can reach a length of 3 meters.
The story of pork tape can be localized in various organs and tissues.
Cystycchosis is relatively good with localization in subcutaneous tissue or skeletal muscle.
With cysticose of the eye, the patient complains of deviating the shape of the object, lacrimation, and a gradual decrease in visual acuity.
Brain cystacosis is difficult and often ends with fatal results for sick people.
Echinococcosis
The agent of echinococcosis is echinococcus, which is located in the liver and lungs and can reach 5-6 meters long.
For a person, an infection with echinococcus is possible with the use of garden, vegetable or non -washed fruits, which can be parasitic eggs.
The clinical manifestation of the disease depends on the size, quantity and localization of the echinococcus bubble in the patient's body.With the localization of echinococcus in the liver, the patient complains of severity and pain in the right hypochondrium, as well as the advantages of the skin as a result of infringement of bile outflow.Large cysts, squeezing the door, leads to violations of the venous blood flow from the intestine and the appearance of ascite - the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
When localized in the lungs, dry cough and pain during breathing.
Alveococcosis
The causative agent of alveococcosis is alveococcus, which affects the liver with the possibility of subsequent metastasis to various other organs.The alveococcus size does not exceed 5 mm.
A person is infected when eating wild herbs and uneducated forest berries, as well as when eating products, washing in the open pool.
In the early stages of the disease, the patient was worried about weakness, malaise, headache, itching -skin.In the future, a severe complaint in the right hypochondrium may appear;Vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, especially after eating fatty foods.
The patient's condition increases significantly as the alveococcus enters other organs.The most dangerous metastasis in the brain, kidneys, lungs.Against the background of the patient's immune system, bubbles are very frequent suppuration, abscesses in the internal organs, which even worsen the patient's condition and can be the cause of death.
Round worms (nematodes)
Round worms are one of the most types of worms.Diseases caused by circular worms are called nematodos.
The nematod body has a spindle or rolling spindle, bonding at the end, rounded in the cross section, the size of the worm round can vary, but more often does not exceed 0.5 meters.
Acaridosis
Agent that causes ascariasis is ascaris, parasites in a person's small intestine.Mature worm size can reach 40 cm.
The main mechanism and only possible human infections with ascaridosis are fecal-oral.Vegetables or fruits that are not washed, water, household goods, dirty hands are the main delivery factors.And if you remember the mechanical carrier of the egg - insects, then the list of products on which the Soldiide Eggs may be huge.
The clinical manifestation of ascariasis depends on the amount of parasites in the small intestine.Often, one individual lives in one's intestines - then the disease is at least asymptomatic.
With the presence of several individuals in the body, the patient has signs of intoxication with worm products.Patients complain of dizziness, headache, sleep disorders.There is a heavy feeling in the stomach, unstable chairs.When parasitation is a large amount of ascaride, symptoms of intestinal obstruction may appear.
Enterobiosis
The agent of enterobiosis is a wound, which is localized in the intestine, and can reach a size of up to 1 cm.
The only way of infection with wounds is fecal-oral.Vegetables and fruits that are not washed, household goods, dirty hands are the main delivery factors.Insects can also be puppies cutting eggs for food.
When parasitation is a small number of parasites, the course of symptoms without symptoms is possible, while in front of a large number of parasites, itching is observed in the anus, the patient may be in stomach aches, nausea, and impurities.
During women's migration, women can penetrate the genitals with the next occurrence of inflammation in it.
Trichinosis
The causative agent of trichinellosis is trichinella, which is localized in the small intestine and the host's skeletal muscles.
Trichinella is one of the smallest nematodes.The size of the parasite is almost 4 mm.Trichinelles adult parasites in the small intestine, and at the larvae in horizontal striped muscles, the exception is the heart muscle.
One is infected, using infected animals - forest pigs, pigs, bears, seals.For infection, it is enough to use 30-50 g of Trichinelle meat.Often, one is infected with the use of meat, fat, ham, bacon, brisket, and sausages made from infected animal carcasses.
Trichinellosis is clinically indicated by general malaise symptoms, headache, fever to 38-39 ° C.
Slightly, clear edema of the eyelids or the entire face appears, sometimes swelling of the limbs.These symptoms increase muscle pain - calves, chewing, lumbar.Gradually, muscle aches are increasing, spreading to new muscle groups.Patient movement is becoming more limited, sometimes until complete immobilization.
Patients' body intoxication with parasite life products causes damage to the heart, lungs, brain and can be the cause of death.
Prevention of helminthiasis
To prevent infection with helminths, some rules must be followed, namely:
- Note the simplest rules of personal hygiene, including washing hands after the road, before eating, after contact with money and animals.
- Try to avoid contact with heresy, and if you have a pet, regularly visit a veterinary clinic.It is important to conduct an animal removal course with the frequency recommended by the veterinarian.
- Wash fruit, vegetables, berries carefully, even if they are from your personal plot.
- Do not drink water and do not wash dishes and foods with water, the safety you are uncertain.
- Eat only products that have passed the heat treatment needed.
- Provide insect protection in your kitchen.For example, to seize window openings, cover ready -made dishes.
- Do not eat dried or dried fish.
- Do not use homemade sugar fat.